Publications of Joan Agustí Bruzón

We analyze the autonomous stabilization of remote entanglement by driving two distant qubits with the output of a correlated photon source. By treating the qubits as idealized entanglement detectors, we develop a general framework to quantify the maximum amount of entanglement that can be remotely stabilized in this way with a given photon source. We then apply this approach to evaluate the suitability of a single driven two-level system as a minimal resource for autonomous entanglement distribution schemes. While our analysis confirms the presence of distributable entanglement in the Mollow sidebands of a bare two-level system, we show that stabilizing close to maximally entangled states requires additional filter cavities that enhance the relevant correlated emission events compared to other processes. We identify optimized driving and cavity parameters and explain the achievable amount of entanglement in different regimes in terms of an effective two-mode squeezing model. These insights are particularly relevant for quantum networks based on photons or phonons in solid-state systems, where isolated spins, impurity centers, or other two-level defects are readily available, while alternative sources of correlated photons are difficult to realize.

The distribution of entanglement across distant qubits is a central challenge for the operation of scalable quantum computers and large-scale quantum networks. Existing approaches rely on deterministic state transfer schemes or probabilistic protocols that require active control or measurement and postselection. Here we demonstrate an alternative, fully autonomous process, where two remote qubits are entangled through their coupling to a quantum-correlated photonic reservoir. In our experiment, a Josephson parametric converter produces a Gaussian, continuous-variable entangled state of propagating microwave fields that drives two spatially separated superconducting transmon qubits into a stationary, discrete-variable entangled state. Beyond entanglement distribution, we also show that superconducting qubits can be used to directly certify two-mode squeezing, with higher sensitivity and without the need for calibrated noise-subtraction. These results establish networks of qubits interfaced with distributed continuous-variable entangled states as a powerful new platform for both foundational studies and quantum-technology relevant applications.

We describe a novel scheme for the generation of stationary entanglement between two separated qubits that are driven by a purely thermal photon source. While in this scenario the qubits remain in a separable state at all times when the source is broadband, i.e. Markovian, the qubits relax into an entangled steady state once the bandwidth of the thermal source is sufficiently reduced. We explain this phenomenon by the appearance of a quasiadiabatic dark state and identify the most relevant nonadiabatic corrections that eventually lead to a breakdown of the entangled state, once the temperature is too high. This effect demonstrates how the non-Markovianity of an otherwise incoherent reservoir can be harnessed for quantum communication applications in optical, microwave, and phononic networks. As two specific examples, we discuss the use of filtered room-temperature noise as a passive resource for entangling distant superconducting qubits in a cryogenic quantum link or solid-state spin qubits in a phononic quantum channel.

We propose and analyze a scalable and fully autonomous scheme for preparing spatially distributed multiqubit entangled states in a dual-rail waveguide QED setup. In this approach, arrays of qubits located along two separated waveguides are illuminated by correlated photons from the output of a nondegenerate parametric amplifier. These photons drive the qubits into different classes of pure entangled steady states, for which the degree of multipartite entanglement can be conveniently adjusted by the chosen pattern of local qubit-photon detunings. Numerical simulations for moderate-sized networks show that the preparation time for these complex multiqubit states increases at most linearly with the system size and that one may benefit from an additional speedup in the limit of a large amplifier bandwidth. Therefore, this scheme offers an intriguing new route for distributing ready-to-use multipartite entangled states across large quantum networks, without requiring any precise pulse control and relying on a single Gaussian entanglement source only.

We investigate the deterministic generation and distribution of entanglement in large quantum networks by driving distant qubits with the output fields of a non-degenerate parametric amplifier. In this setting, the amplifier produces a continuous Gaussian two-mode squeezed state, which acts as a quantum-correlated reservoir for the qubits and relaxes them into a highly entangled steady state. Here we are interested in the maximal amount of entanglement and the optimal entanglement generation rates that can be achieved with this scheme under realistic conditions taking, in particular, the finite amplifier bandwidth, waveguide losses and propagation delays into account. By combining exact numerical simulations of the full network with approximate analytic results, we predict the optimal working point for the amplifier and the corresponding qubit-qubit entanglement under various conditions. Our findings show that this passive conversion of Gaussian- into discrete- variable entanglement offers a robust and experimentally very attractive approach for operating large optical, microwave or hybrid quantum networks, for which efficient parametric amplifiers are currently developed.